Anthrone test for Carbohydrates quantitative analysis

Carbohydrates, also known as hydrated carbons are organic compounds. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as in water plus carbons. Therefore they are called hydrated carbons or carbohydrates. They are also called carbs (short form). These carbs are very important for human body as they provide us the basic energy needed for different routine works. The metabolism of its basic unit that is called glucose yield energy in the form of ATPs (which is called the energy currency of body).

Now if you are a medical student then you would be interested in determining these carbohydrates in a solution. This determination could be of two types. One is called qualitative analysis in which we try to find whether carbohydrates are present in the solution or not. And the other one is called quantitative analysis in which we find the amount of carbohydrates present in a given solution.

For qualitative analysis, we have already written a post on molisch’s test. Which is a general test for carbohydrates.

But today, we are going to discuss anthrone test which also a general test for carbohydrates but it is for both qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of carbohydrates.

Anthrone Method:

As mentioned above, this method can be used for quantitaive analysis which means that you could find the amount of carbs present in a given solution. This test is somewhat same as molisch test but here you can find the absorbance using photoelectric colorimeter or spectrophotometer.

Principle Of Anthrone test:

Its principle is much same as molisch test but here anthrone reagent is used instead of molisch reagent which gives green colored complex. The intensity of which is directly proportional to amount of carbs present in given solution.

First carbohydrates are hydrolyzed by treating with acid to form furfurals and hydroxy-methly furfural. These furfural are then condensed by anthrone reagent to form a blue green color complex. The intensity of which can easily be measured with 620-630nm using photo colorimeter or spectopotometer. This absorbance can then be used to calculation the amount of carbohydrates using beer- lambert law.

Anthrone Reagent:

Here is the list of reagents that are used for this test:

1. Original solution that is to be tested.
2. Anthrone reagent.
3. H2SO4
4. Standard glucose solution.

Anthrone reagent preparation:

This reagent can be prepared by dissolving 200mg of anthrone reagent in 100ml of conc sulphuric acid.

Standard Glucose Solution:

• Stock standard: Add 100mg of glucose in 100ml of H2O.
• Working Standard: Take a volumetric flask, take 10ml of stock in it and dilute with 100ml of distilled water.

Procedure of Anthrone method:

Procedure of this test is quite simple and similar to most of the other quantitative tests.

1. Prepare standard solution.
2. Take 6 test tubes.
3. In the first one don’t add anything. In the second, add 0.2ml of standard solution, in third 0.4ml, in 4th 0.6 ml and so on respectively so that 0.2-1ml of solution is added in five test tubes.
4. Then add water to all the test tubes to make it to the level of 1ml. This way the first one i.e blank only 1ml of water would be added (in which we haven’t added standard solution would have 1ml of water). While in that last one water would not be added (in which we have added 1ml of standard).
5. Then add 4ml of anthrone reagent to all the test tubes.
6. Heat all the test tubes in boiling water bath for 10 minutes.
7. Then cool it rapidly.
8. Color would change to blue green.
9. Measure the optical density of this color at 630nm using photo colorimeter or spectrophotometer.
10. Draw a graph and plot conentration of standard on x axis while absorbance on y-axix.
11. You can easily calculate the amount of sugar from the graph using beer lambert law.

Precautions:

Here are some of the precautions for anthrone test:

• Weight exactly 100mg of glucose while making stock.
• Keep test tubes for 10 minutes in water bath. Use a stop watch for this purpose.
• Cool the solution rapidly after removing from water bath.
• Make all the six tubes till 1ml after adding solution.
• Place the test tubes in water bath carefully.
• Use Sulfuric acid with great care as we are using conc acid in this test and it could burn your skin.

Results:

As clear from the procedure of this test above, you can calculate the amount of sugar present in any solution using this test. After adding reagent and boiling in water bath for 10 min green color complex would be formed. This color complex would then determine the amount of sugar in given solution.

Final Words:

If you are a medical student and have this anthrone test in your practicals, this simple guide would help you to learn the principle and procedure of this test. Also this would help you complete your practical notebook.

If you have any queries, feel free to ask in the comments section below.